Melissa Shanes
During the first two to three months, your client will be following a fairly rigid nutrition plan provided by their surgeon or nutritionist. Afterward, they will need to start settling into a healthy eating routine. The biggest concern will be malnutrition due to decreased absorption in the small intestine; therefore, they are advised to eat protein first at every meal to maintain and build muscle and prevent skin from sagging. Vitamin and mineral supplements will need to be taken for life as well. They should sit down to three meals per day to avoid “grazing” all day. Food needs to be chewed thoroughly so it can pass freely through the new pouch and stoma. Fluids are consumed between meals, stopping 30 to 45 minutes before a meal and resuming 60 to 90 minutes afterward, as the new pouch is too small to consume liquid and solid together. Sugar, carbonated beverages and alcohol should be avoided. Clients may find they can no longer tolerate foods they enjoyed prior to having surgery. The bottom line is, since absorption is compromised, the bariatric client must make every bite count. There is no room for empty calories.
Psychosocial
Understanding the psychosocial affects of bariatric surgery is key. Some of the positive outcomes are increased activity, improved health resulting in less medications taken and relief from chronic pain. Other outcomes, while still positive, can create stress or tension.
Old habits of using food for comfort or obesity to avoid social situations no longer apply, so learning to put their nutrition and fitness needs first may seem near impossible. Friends may not react positively to the weight loss due to jealousy or their own insecurity. It is a psychological challenge for a person with a huge weight loss to adapt to a smaller self-image — helping them maintain a positive attitude is crucial to their success.
Fitness Training
When working with a bariatric client, follow similar guidelines as you would when working with the morbidly obese. Ensure their safety by maintaining them in a supported position during all exercises. Alternate short periods of cardio with light resistance training, monitoring their pulse before, during and after exercise. Be cautious of weak joints due to years of supporting large amounts of weight.
A program progression might look something like this:
- Interval training: five minutes on a stationary bike, alternating with two sets of 12-15 reps of a single joint exercise, such as leg extension, seated leg curl, cable pushdown, dumbbell bicep curl, etc., followed by gentle stretching.
- Incorporate basic core strengthening and hip-opening exercises.
- Progress by introducing elliptical or treadmill intervals and multi-joint strength moves.
- As client becomes more comfortable, increase to three sets of 12-15 reps, and add longer cardio sessions.
- Add balance challenges, such as performing bicep curls on one leg or using a balance disc.
As your clients fitness level and self image improve, continue to challenge them as you would any other client.